Extreme shortage of solid organ donors comparing to the transplant-needed patients is most critical problem now and only probable solution seems to be xenotransplantation. However, results of preclinical trials of solid organ xenotransplantation of pig to NHP are not sufficient to start the clinical trials yet. In Korea, although GalTKO pigs are developed already in the middle of 2000th, trials of solid organ xenotransplantation of pig to NHP are only begun from 2011. From then, 6 cases of kidney xenotransplantation and 20 cases of heart xenotransplantation have been done in our research team until now. We have used the cynomolgus monkey as recipient animal and pigs of several types of transforming just like GTKO only, GTKO.hCD46 and GTKO.hCD39 as donor animal. We have used the immunosuppressants of CD154 ab, rituximab, ATG, Tacrolimus, MMF and steroid. The longest survival of kidney and heart is 32 and 61 days for each. And among heart and kidney recipients, nearly 40% survive more than 3 weeks and longer survivals are recent cases. For the kidney transplantation, functioning graft was confirmed. There are no signs of hyper-acute rejection for the transplanted graft and even for the more than 1-month survivors, acute rejection is the cause of death.

This survival results are relatively poor yet, but longest cases of survival are recent cases and so results are improving. Although solid organ xenotransplantation in Korea is just beginning and we are only team with insufficient resources and results, with the supports of governmental fund and volunteering activities of clinical experts of heart and kidney, we expect the continuing experiments and studies to make comparative good results and contribute the beginning of clinical trials of solid organ xenotransplantation