Objectives: Sarcopenia and osteopenia are highly prevalent in older subjects, and are associated with a high risk for falls, fractures, and further functional decline. However, related factors in kidney transplant recipients suffering from osteosarcopenia, the combination of sarcopenia and osteopenia, remain unknown.
Methods: Fifty-eight transplant recipients (42 males and 16 females), with mean age of 46.6±12.7 years, were enrolled in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia. Osteopenia was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria using bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of both diseases were defined as having osteosarcopenia.
Results: Ten patients had osteosarcopenia. According to univariate analyses, there were significant differences between osteosarcopenia group and non osteosarcopenia group in age (p=0.002), duration of dialysis(p=0.013), vitamin D levels(p=0.002), and MET(p=0.007).  There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D level and MET(r=0.464; p<0.001).  As a result of multivariate analysis, only MET was a relevant factor of osteosarcopenia. 
Conclusion: Duration of dialysis, low vitamin D levels, and physical activity after kidney transplantation were related to osteosarcopenia. These results suggested that osteosarcopenia in kidney transplant recipients is a carryover from the dialysis period.