Introductıon: Invasive fungal infections are major problem in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients because of their net state of immuno-suppression. Overall, the most common fungal infection in SOT is candidiasis, followed by aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection following renal transplant (RT). About one-quarter of renal transplant recipients developed Seropositivity (CMVSP). CMSP is also described as a  risk factor for fungal pneumonia because  it led to a pronounced cellular immunosuppression in the SOT patients. To date, the role of CMVSP on the development of fungal pneumonia in SOT patients has not been investigated so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CMVSP on the development of Aspergillus pneumonia in renal transplant patients retrospectively. 
Materials and Methods: We evaluated a total of 401 patients (male/female=273/128) who underwent renal transplant between 2011 and 2017. Medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographic, clinical, radiographic, laboratory and microbiology data, laboratory method for determining CMV.  The diagnosis of pneumonia based on clinical respiratory symptoms and signs, imaging findings (chest radiography and/or computed tomography), positive microbiological tests and laboratory findings. Immune suppressive drugs and clinical outcome data were also noted. 
Results:  Our study included in 153 (38%) (male/female= 97/55 and with the mean age of 35 ± 14 years) renal transplantation patients (44 cadaveric, 109 living donors) who had pneumonia in our study population. The most frequently determined immunosuppression therapy included prednisolone plus cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or rapamycin. CMVSP was found in 77 (%0.3) of the patients.  Twenty-one of the patients had positive culture from respiratory specimens. Fungal agents were detected in 16 (77%) of the patients and Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common (38%) fungus species.  No statistical significant correlation was found between Seropositivity and microbiological agents of pneumonia (p˃0.05) in our study group.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that Seropositivity may not be a risk for fungal pneumonia in RT patients. Further studies needed to reveal whether CMVSP is a risk for fungal pneumonia or not in larger fungal pneumonia series in RT patients.